Year: 2025

SECRETARIAL AUDIT is a process to check compliance with the provisions of various laws and rules/ regulations/procedures, maintenance of books, records etc., by an independent professional to make sure that the legal and procedural requirements are complied with & also followed the due process. It is essentially a mechanism to monitor compliance with the requirements […]

Understanding Section 194N of the Income Tax Act Introduction Section 194N of the Income Tax Act was introduced to regulate high-value cash withdrawals and promote digital transactions in India. This provision mandates Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) on cash withdrawals exceeding specified limits. The objective is to discourage large cash transactions and curb the circulation […]

The applicability of the audit committee is governed by Section 177 of the Companies Act, 2013. According to Section 177, the following companies are required to constitute an audit committee: All listed companies. Public companies with a paid-up share capital of 10 crore rupees or more. Public companies with a turnover of 100 crore rupees or more. all public companies, having […]

In today’s digital world, cyber crime is a growing concern for individuals and businesses alike. It involves illegal activities carried out using computers, the internet, or other digital devices. Cyber criminals target financial information, personal data, and even corporate networks, leading to serious consequences. Common Types of Cyber Crime 1️⃣ Financial Fraud – Phishing, credit […]

Minutes should be maintained in such manner and format as prescribed under Section 118 of the Companies Act, 2013. The minutes serve as a record of the proceedings of the meetings and provide transparency in the decision-making process. Minutes should be printed on prescribed minutes book papers, should be consecutively numbered and should be properly […]

Internal Audit Applicability – Who should appoint an Internal Auditor? As per the provisions of Section 138 of the Companies Act, 2013, with rule 13 of the Companies (Accounts) Rules, 2014, specific organizations or companies have an internal audit applicability under the Companies Act 2013. Below, we have given those companies that must appoint an internal auditor- All Listed Companies: Every company listed […]

The Income Tax Department has set cash deposit limits to monitor financial transactions in savings accounts, current accounts, and financial institutions. These measures help prevent money laundering, tax evasion, and other illegal activities. Here are the key cash deposit limits in banks: Annual Limit for Savings Accounts: Individuals can deposit up to ₹10 lakh in […]

In today’s competitive business landscape, trademarks play a crucial role in establishing brand identity and consumer trust. However, simply registering a trademark is not enough; conducting thorough trademark due diligence is essential to ensure its validity, enforceability, and long-term security. Whether a company is acquiring a trademark, entering into a licensing agreement, or expanding into […]

Introduction: In today’s dynamic marketplace, consumers are more empowered than ever. However, with rising fraud, misleading advertisements, and defective products, knowing your consumer rights is crucial. The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 provides a strong legal framework to safeguard buyers from unfair trade practices and ensure they receive quality products and services. This blog will help […]

Appointment of Company Auditor The appointment of company auditor is mandated under Section 139 of the Companies Act, 2013. According to this section: Every company must appoint an individual or a firm as an auditor at its first Annual General Meeting (AGM). The appointed auditor will hold office from the conclusion of that meeting until […]